A review of the solutions being employed by oil refineries to reduce their Scope 1, 2, and 3 greenhouse gas emissions Marie Goret-Rana and Carl Keeley Reprint from Digital Refining 2022 enhancing life

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Despite improvements in vehicle fuel economy, increasing adoption of hybrids, and EVs, petroleumbased fuel demand continues to grow, at least in the short- to mid-term! In general, demand is generated from population growth and increased car ownership, and both are increasing. However, during the pandemic, people concerned about health moved around less. Consequently, there was a sharp decline in fuel demand, which had an adverse impact on the global oil and oil refining system. However, chemicals demand was sustained, as chemicals are used in many everyday products. For a small number of refineries,...

(gas‑heated reformer) is combined with carbon capture. Green hydrogen uses renewable electricity to produce hydrogen without producing any CO₂. Hydrogen produced via blue and green routes can be used to decarbonize existing fuels and chemicals production. For more information, see Figure 1. Scope 2: Reduce emissions associated with imported electricity and steam An oil refinery can replace imported electricity with lowcarbon hydrogen that is used to decarbonize its energy requirements, and excess low-carbon energy can be exported to nearby industry. When several industries are co-located, there...

in collaboration with bp converts synthesis gas into long-chain DAVY biodiesel process hydrocarbons. The resulting FT methanol products need upgrading, which recovery can be done by an oil refinery, fatty water to produce low-carbon gasoline, acid steam effluent oil hydrolysis esterification diesel and jet fuels. Fulcrum pre-treatment oil are employing the FT CANS methanol technology in their new Sierra methanol removal glycerol/water BioFuels plant located in Nevada, USA. The Sierra plant is the first biodiesel commercial scale plant in the US to convert municipal waste, that would otherwise...

n-butanol (n-BuOH) propylene butyraldehyde syngas i-butanol (i-BuOH) butene valeraldehyde dimerized butenes syngas mixed FT olefins detergents Figure 4 – The feedstock flexibility of LP OXO processes methanol make-up intermediate recycle succinic acid methanol recycle co-product (optional) Figure 5 – Johnson Matthey’s DAVY BDO process upgrades the value of butane and solvents, as illustrated in Figure 4. It is also possible to improve the value of the oil refinery butane streams. Presently, butane is a low-value intermediate product that is obtained from various refinery units or from LNG sources....

To fight climate change, and make the world cleaner and healthier today, and for future generations, oil refineries must adapt. Carbon taxes are being implemented, and these will significantly erode refinery margins. This creates urgency for action. An obvious first step is to use available expertise, catalysts, technologies, and services to decarbonise processes and utilities. In addition, increasing the capability to use bio- and waste feeds and green blending components will further decarbonise fuels production. Finally, increasing the percentage of chemicals production will significantly...

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