Multiple Module Calorimeter MMC 274 Nexus® ARC, Scanning and Coin Cell Modules Analyzing & Testing

Multiple Module Calorimeter Synergy of Proven Methods Scientists and engineers generally recognize that more product and process information can be obtained by multiple analytical methods rather than using a single technique. Different signals can be recorded, and superimposed sample effects can often be much better explained. The technique has to be reliable, fast and easy to use in everyday operations. The NETZSCH Multiple Module Calorimeter MMC 274 Nexus® is an instrument which can be operated with different modules for the investigation of energetic materials and batteries (coin cells). It...

Advantages and Key Features of the MMC 274 Nexus® Multiple testing modes in one instrument to cover a wide application range: Scanning mode (constant power, constant heating rate) Isothermal mode (including isothermal charging/discharging) Adiabatic mode with HeatWait-Search for process safety tests Wide temperature range Wide pressure range m Syste ular exibility Mod st Fl ighe for H Various sample containers of different materials and volumes Proteus® software for complete evaluation of thermoanalytical data in one plot ARC Module – Process Safety Scanning Module – Screening of High Reaction...

Thermal runaway scenarios can be understood by investigating the runaway reaction. Questions arise which can be answered by means of measurements under adiabatic conditions. For this purpose, the NETZSCH MMC 274 Nexus® can be configured with the ARC Module, which can also be equipped with VariPhi®. Process Safety is tion l reac when its ' mica A che 'runaway n rate is e io . uct to b said heat prod eat losses own er than h high What is the thermal behavior of the material? What is the thermal hazard potential of the material? At what temperature does the reaction occur (onset)? What is the enthalpy...

After the exothermal reaction is finished, the system returns to the HWS operation until either the next exothermal effect is detected or the measurement has completed by means of having reached the maximum temperature (predefined in the software). 100 Self heating starts, change to adiabatic mode In cases where a thermally induced exothermal reaction starts and the self-induced temperature increase of the sample exceeds a predefined value (threshold), the system continues to track the temperature change of the sample. Temp/°C Wait and search Step heating Wait and search Step heating Wait and...

The ARC Module – Simulation of the Worst Case Scenario The best way to understand worst case scenarios is to investigate runaway reactions under adiabatic conditions, which means no heat exchange occurs with the sample's environment. The ARC Module is able to minimize heat loss from the sample container by maintaining the temperature of the surroundings equal to that of the sample temperature. A defined volume of a sample (ml scale) is placed in a tubeshaped or spherical container which is surrounded by a sophisticated heating system. If there is no temperature difference between the surrounding...

ARC Module with VariPhi® – Determination of Reaction Enthalpies VariPhi® is an additional controlled variable DC heater which is in contact with the sample material (internal heater). It allows for the definition of thermal inertia for a real-world thermal environment by compensating for heat loss from the sample to the container. Since both the sample and the container are under adiabatic conditions, the heat generated by the sample causes not only an increase in its own temperature but also in that of the container. The sample container absorbs some of the energy from its own reaction depending...

Self-Decomposition Behavior of DTBP in0.10 Toluene Horizontal Step (110.21 °C - 200.51°C): Thermal Inertia: 1.480 delta T: 90.3 K delta T ideal: 133.7 K ract. spec. heat: 280.675 J/g react. total. heat: 1611.075 J Kinetic Parameters, zero baseline, F1 A = 15.152 log (1/s) E = 151.039 kJ/mol n = 1.000 This example shows a test investigating the self-decomposition Area: 29.31 J/g behavior of DTBP in toluene. At 110°C, heat production from the sample's self-decomposition exceeded the exothermal threshold of 0.02 K/min. DueOnset: 156.7°C HWS mode was to this, the changed to an adiabatic mode. 150...

MMC with ARC Module in Comparison with Ordinary Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Tests Area: -76.7 J/g Peak: 172.3°C Onset: 169.0°C ↑ exo Area: -2.4 J/g Peak: 94.3°C Onset: 91.1°C With standard DSC measurements, endo- and exothermal effects are monitored under isothermal or increasing temperature at atmospheric pressure. Usually, the measurement is carried out and evaluated up to the point at which the material melts. The sample is placed in an open crucible or sealed in an aluminum pan with a pierced lid. Area: -23.3 J/g Peak: 65.3°C Onset: 53.2°C Area: -55.7 J/g Peak: 129.4°C Onset:...

The Scanning Module Screening of Solids and Liquids – Even in Isothermal Tests Key Technical Data for the Scanning Module Temperature range Temperature readability The Scanning Module has an additional heater which is positioned on the outside of the sample container. This allows for a defined input of power in order to be able to separate endo- and exothermal effects. Heating rate Pressure limit Pressure readability Sample container volume Container The Scanning Module is useful for running isothermal and constant temperature ramp tests, especially in experiments where reaction energies are...

Heat flow Voltage Current Besides sulfur and charcoal, KNO3 is used for the synthesis of gunpowder. It is also used in food preservation (E252) and as an important potassium- and nitrogen-containing fertilizer. This measurement was carried out in scanning mode with a constant power input of 200 mW. Two endothermal effects, at 129°C (peak area of -45 J/g) and at 334°C (-87 J/g), are related to phase transitions. Measurement on potassium nitrate using the Scanning Module ↑ exo Heat flow /(mW/mg) Heat flow /(mW) Redox reactions that occur rapidly with the production of gases (e.g., nitrogen) are often...