6. TOC process analysis 6.1. Continuous TOC/TN determination in wastewater treatment plants 6.2. TOC process analysis in the paper industry 6.3. Continuous TOC determination in the chemical industry Laboratory analysis yields comprehensive and detailed results but, depending on circumstances, requires much time – time that is often not available during ongoing operations. For this reason, operators of different types of plants increasingly use sum parameters, which can also be determined continuously during the actual process. Contrary to conventional laboratory analysis, it is not an individual...

Sum parameter – Total Organic Carbon Continuous TOC/TN determination in wastewater treatment plants SCA-130-601 A uniform definition of wastewater does not yet exist. Wastewater is often used as a generic term for sludge, industrial wastewater and infiltration water. The contents of wastewater can vary widely depending on their origin, and a distinction is made between oxygen consuming compounds, nutrients, harmful substances and contaminants [1]. Wastewater treatment is carried out to eliminate wastewater contents and to restore the natural water quality. In municipal wastewater treatment plants,...

■ Sampling An analysis system is only as good as the sample preparation preceding it. Various sample preparation systems are available for the 4200 series, which can be optimally tuned to the individual application area. When sewage plant inlet and outlet are to be measured using the same instrument, the sample stream switcher is used. ■ Remote control The measuring instruments can be started and calibrated from a control station, and a selection between the different measuring streams is possible. Numerous alarm and status signals simplify detection of exceeded limit levels and indicate the...

Sum parameter – Total Organic Carbon TOC process analysis in the paper industry Paper manufacturing requires the use of water for various processes (suspension and transport of the pulp, cooling water, sieve and felt cleaning, system cleaning). Although the water circulation in paper mills has been systematically optimized in recent years due to water conservation, the paper industry still requires large quantities of fresh water for the production of paper. Wherever fresh water is consumed, large amounts of wastewater are also produced and these must be continuously monitored. The wastewater...

■ Sampling The sometimes highly fibrous wastewater can clog tubes and pipes. Various mechanisms and options are available to prevent clogging. The wastewater streams are sequentially transported to the analyzer using various valves. Following each sample feed to the analyzer, the valves and tubes are flushed with fresh water and an acid rinse. This prevents the formation of buildup in the valves. The acid rinse and water rinse are controlled by the TOC analyzer. The rinsing function prevents any carry-over effects when changing sample streams. The measuring program can be individually selected...

Sum parameter – Total Organic Carbon Continuous TOC determination in the chemical industry SCA-130-603 The high demand for many different products from the chemical industry and the required efficiency of the manufacturing processes often requires around-the-clock production. This results in huge amounts of wastewater. This water mostly originates from flowing water bodies. Industrial wastewaters must be pretreated before being discharged into public sewage treatment plants. Direct discharge into water bodies requires an extensive cleaning process. This is why many large companies or industrial...

This can take place when measurement values are exceeded or can be applied permanently. In this case, the user specifies the desired dilution factor in the selected method. ■ Kit for high-salt samples For the continuous TOC determination of samples with high salt loads (> 10 g/L), Shimadzu has developed a salt kit. The combustion tube has a special shape and uses two different catalyst beads. This combination prevents crystallization that can lead to clogging of the system. ■ TOC-4200 in daily practice To verify the robustness and the reliability of the TOC-4200 during practical operation, the...

Sum parameter – Total Organic Carbon Continuous condensate monitoring using the TOC-4200 When applying TOC determination to condensates, few particles are usually expected, but here as well, it is better to be on the safe side with the higher oxidation potential offered by catalytic combustion. It is important to be able to quickly and reliably detect every possible organic contamination. Due to the low pollution level of the sample, the catalyst remains stable over a long time span, whereby the need for maintenance is relatively low. The chemical and petrochemical industry uses superheated steam...

Numerous status and alarm signals simplify detection of exceeded limit levels and indicate the need for maintenance. A Modbus communication channel complements the conventional communication modes. An optional web browser gives access to the instrument from any networked computer. ■ Sampling For the 4200 series, various sample preparation systems are available, which can be optimally tuned to the individual application area. As condensates are homogeneous samples (in contrast to wastewater), an extra sample preparation step is not necessary. Two sampling systems are, therefore, suitable:  an...

Sum parameter – Total Organic Carbon TOC-4200 High Sensitivity Measurement Option SCA-130-605 Ultra pure water is one of the most widely used reagents in industry and its quality is therefore of utmost importance in all industrial processes. Quality control has, for many years, been carried out and documented via conductivity measurements, which provide an assessment of the concentration of all inorganic species present in water. This detection method does not take organic pollutants into account, as they typically do not contribute to conductivity. Organic pollutants can, however, greatly influence...