ISR Cell Conference - March 28th 2026 Brain Photobiomodulation to support Brain Health An overview of mechanisms of action, clinical evidence, and the latest technology.

Goals of the lecture • Provide basic knowledge about Photobiomodulation (PBM). • Remind you of the key aspects related to brain health. • Explain the mechanisms of action of brain PBM. • Provide a brief overview of the current research and areas of application. • Overall: Help you understand whether brain PBM can enhance your clinical practice. Presented By : Martin Jung

ABOUTM E: NEUROECIENTIST MEDICAL LASER THERAPY EXPERT Medical Laser Therapy Expert: • Part of the Weber Medical- core team since 2013. • Board member of ISLA (International Society for Medical Laser Applications). • Co-Author of three editions of the handbook "Medical Laser Therapy". • Co-Author of a study on "Photodynamic Therapy to treat Infections". • Postgraduate- Diploma in "Neuroscience and Psychology of Mental Health" (King's College London)

ISR Cell Conference - March 28th 2026 Exploring Photobiomodulation In a nutshell - what is PBM and how does it influence human biology? Presented By : Martin Junggebauer

PBM Mechanisms • Chromophores (photon-receptors) absorb photons. • This triggers downstream cascade effects that enhance cellular and tissue functions. • Different wavelengths have different chromophores / effects. • Red and infrared light are suitable for non-invasive applications. • The other colors are generally used in minimally invasive applications. Presented By : Martin Jung

• Red and infrared light are absorbed by cytochrome C oxidase in the mitochondria.• This leads to improved mitochondrial function, enhanced perfusion and oxygenation and a cascade of dowonstream effetcs. Cytoplasm Succinate Fumarate Electron Transport Chain Presented By : Martin Junggebauer

Superficial Scattering & Rapid Diffusion Average Intensity Drops Quickly LED (Incoherent Light) Wavelength (incoherent) Local Intensity 5-1 Ox Higher in "Speckle Hotspot" Laser (Coherent Light) Synchronized, wavelength (coherent) _ Laser Speckle: Interference Pattern Incoherent LED light is too diffuse for deep activation Coherent Laser light creates high-intensity islands for deep cellular activation (e g., CCO) High Local Intensity Trigger The Monte Carlo Truth Warm LED: Wide Divergence, Significant Superficial Loss Laser: Collimated Beam, Maintains “Photon Corridor" to Depth LED = "Flashlight'...

Non-invasive applications: Brain PBM, pain management, acupuncture, dermatology. Ways to use PBM Many clinical applications have "home-use spin-offs." Invasive administration: Intravenous, intra-articular, interstitial. Photodynamic therapy: Infections and cancer. Presented By : Martin Junggebauer

Brain Photobiomodulation • Infrared light applied to the scalp, which penetrates the skull and is absorbed by cortical brain structures. • “Mitochondrial therapy” • Targets many of the fundamental causes of brain aging / disorders. • Used in integrative neurology and for preventive care / as a “longevity hack”. • Non -invasive. • Safe for home use. • No significant side effects.

ISR Cell Conference - March 28th 2026 Brain Health vs. Neurodegeneration Contributing factors and manifestation on the level of the brain. Presented By : Martin Junggebauer

Factors of brain health / neuro degeneration Lifestyle Factors Hormonal & nutritional factors Mental and social factors Environmental Exposures / Toxins Metabolic & Cardiovascular Health Immune factors Genetic Factors & Molecular Pathways Structural & vascular factors Aging Biology Presented By : Martin Junggebauer

• Mitochondrial function (energy transformation • Nutrient and oxygen supply (cerebral perfusion • Intra-/ <fo inter-cellular communication • Epigenetic <fo genetic information • Brain network communication • Neurotransmitter Balance • Synaptic function • Mind- body- brain- communication • Hormonal signaling Struatur e&State • Vascular architecture & integrity • Inflammation levels • Levels of oxidative stress • Synaptic density / dendritic architecture Cieaoance MMainienance • Glymphatic System (waste removal • Immune surveillance (Mikroglia • Stem cells

Important during lecture Energ yan dintorninrion flow andadaptation • Mitochondrial function (energy transformation • Nutrient and oxygen supply (cerebral perfusion • Intra-/ <fo inter-cellular communication • Epigenetic <fo genetic information • Brain network communication • Neurotransmitter Balance • Synaptic function • Mind- body- brain- communication • Hormonal signaling Struatur e&State • Vascular architecture & integrity • Inflammation levels • Levels of oxidative stress • Synaptic density / dendritic architecture Cieaoance MMainienance • Glymphatic System (waste removal • Immune surveillance...

ISR Cell Conference - March 28th 2026 Key players in Neurodegeneration Hallmark I: Neuroinflammation Presented By : Martin Junggebauer

• All Neurodegenerative Disorders share the hallmark of chronic neuroinflammation. • Aging is accompanied by low -grade systemic inflammation, which is termed “inflammaging”. • Old thinking: Inflammation is a result of neurodegeneration / protein aggregations in the CNS. • New Insights: Inflammation inflammation is not only a result of neurodegeneration but also a crucial player in this process as it causes the buildup of aggregates at the earliest stages of the disease process.

Keyplayers in Neurodegeneration - Chronic Presented By : Martin Junggebauer Healthy) inflammatory responses • Immune cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, detect abnormality in the human body: DAMPs (caused by toxins, injury, cellular stress..) or PAMPs (viruses, bacteria etc) Q signal transducers B transcription activators B secretion of inflammatory mediators B elimination of danger B end of inflammatory response. Chronic Neuroinflammation • activated immune cells fail to resolve inflammation / are activated again and again B Vicious circle where protein aggregates and DAMPs released...